Definitions

Acceptable Entry Conditions #

The conditions that exist in a permit-required space to allow safe entry and work within the space.

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) #

A common thermoplastic polymer. ABS is widely used in many applications as it is highly resistant to chemicals and has good impact resistance. Due to the composition of ABS, special ventilation considerations must be taken when using it as a filament in 3D printing applications

Action level #

The airborne chemical concentration that triggers air monitoring and the implementation of additional control measures. The action level is always lower than the corresponding OSHA permissible exposure limit (PEL) and is designed to protect personnel from overexposure. At U-M, the more conservative of either the OSHA- defined action level (generally one-half the PEL) or one-half the ACGIH Threshold Limit Value is used as the action level

Action Level (for Lead) #

Means employee exposure, without regard to the use of respirators, to an airborne concentration of lead of 30 micrograms per cubic meter (30µg/m³) of air averaged over an 8-hour period.

Action Level (for Noise) #

An 8-hour Time-Weighted Average (TWA) of 85 decibels (dB) which requires implementation of a Hearing Conservation Program (HCP) according to the MIOSHA Occupational Noise Exposure Standard

Action Level (for Silica) #

Means employee exposure, without regard to the use of respirators, to an airborne concentration of silica of 25 micrograms of respirable silica per cubic meter (25µg/m³) of air averaged over an 8-hour period

Adequate Facilities #

A facility which provides satisfactory clearances, power, light, and ventilation according to the above regulations

Aerial work platforms #

Equipment that is designed and manufactured to raise personnel to an elevated work position on a platform supported by scissors, masts, or booms

Affected Employees #

An employee whose job requires him/her to operate or use equipment on which servicing or maintenance is being performed, or whose job requires him or her to work in an area in which such servicing is being performed, or could be potentially exposed to hazardous chemicals, biological agents, or radiological hazards

Air Changes per Hour (ACH) #

The general ventilation measure of the air volume added to or removed from a space divided by the volume of the space

Air-Purifying Respirator (APR) #

Respirator with an air-purifying filter, cartridge, or canister that removes specific air contaminants by passing ambient air through the air-purifying element

Anchorage #

Means a secure point of attachment for equipment such as lifelines, lanyards, deceleration devices, and rope descent systems

Arc-Flash Hazard #

A dangerous condition associated with the release of energy caused by an electric arc

Arc-Flash Protection Boundary #

A protection boundary to be crossed by only qualified persons (at a distance from a live part) which due to its proximity to an arc flash hazard requires the use of arc-flash protection techniques and equipment when crossed

Arc-Flask Protection Levels #

Categorical classes designated for adequate protection from arc-flash hazards demarked by a maximum level of incident energy within a specified distance from the hazard source. These levels are modeled after the categories established within the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Standard for electrical Safety in the Workplace (70E)

Asbestos #

Includes chrysotile, amosite, crocidolite, tremolite asbestos, anthophyllite asbestos, actinolite asbestos, and any of these materials that have been chemically treated and/or altered

Asbestos Containing Material (ACM) #

Is a material that has been tested and determined to contain more than 1% asbestos, or is assumed to be in the absence of testing. Also refer to the definition of Presumed Asbestos Containing Material (PACM)

Asbestosis #

Scarring of lung tissue (around terminal bronchioles and alveolar ducts) resulting from the inhalation of asbestos fibers

Asphyxiant gas #

A gas, including inert (noble) gases, that may cause suffocation by displacing the oxygen in the air necessary to sustain life, or is labeled by the DOT as Division 2.2. Examples include: argon (Ar), carbon dioxide (CO₂), helium (He), and nitrogen (N₂).machinRobotic

Assigned Protection Factor (APF) #

Means the workplace level of respiratory protection that a respirator or class of respirators is expected to provide to employees when the employer implements a continuing, effective respiratory protection program as specified by the regulations

Atmosphere-Supplying Respirator #

A respirator that supplies the user with breathing air from a source independent of the ambient atmosphere, and includes supplied-air respirators (SARs) and self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) units

Attendant (Spotter) #

Person stationed outside one or more permit spaces, who monitors the authorized employees and performs attendant’s duties assigned in this program

Audiometric Testing #

A medically administered examination (audiogram) used to assess personal hearing thresholds as a function of sound frequency

Authorized Entrant #

Person who has received confined space entry training from as an entrant/supervisor

Authorized Employee #

An employee who locks or implements an lockout/tagout procedure on equipment or processes to perform maintenance or servicing

Authorized Machine Tool User #

An employee or non-employee who has received both “basic machine shop safety training” and specific machine tool & equipment training by the Machine Shop Responsible Person (Responsible Person) or Machine Shop Monitor (Monitor), and is thus authorized to access and use the specific machining tools and equipment using established procedures

Authorized Person #

Is any person authorized by the employer and required by work duties to be present in regulated areas

Authorized Users #

Persons who have been authorized in the use of equipment as per this procedure and Manufacturer’s Instructions and are authorized to access the space

Authorized Users of SCBA #

Persons who have been medically certified to wear SCBA units and have received training in the use and maintenance of SCBA equipment

Automated External Defibrillator (AED) #

This is a computerized medical device that will assess a person’s heart rhythm and deliver an electrical shock if the heart is in ventricular fibrillation

Basic Machine Shop Safety Training #

Training program developed by the Machine Shop Responsible Person and provided to each user of the machine shop. Contents of the training program are detailed under the Training Requirements section of the Machine Shop Safety chapter of this program. Training must be documented and maintained on file by the Responsible Person and should be available upon request by EHS.

Bearer (putlog) #

means a horizontal transverse scaffold member (which may be supported by ledgers or runners) upon which the scaffold platform rests and which joins scaffold uprights, posts, poles, and similar members

Biological Safety Cabinet (BSC) #

A special safety enclosure used to handle pathogenic microorganisms in a laboratory. Some can be exhausted outside or inside the facility

Blanking or Blinding #

The absolute closure of a pipe, line, or duct by fastening a solid plate (such as a spectacle blind or a skillet blind) completely covering the bore and that is capable of withstanding the maximum pressure of the pipe, line or duct with no leakage beyond the plate. This involves installing a blank between flanges with a leak-proof gasket at a point in the conducting line as close to the confined space area as possible. The blank or blind should be marked identifying its purpose.

Blue Binder (EHS Document Binder) #

A collection of University health and safety policies for shops, studios and other applicable work locations & operations which contains pertinent materials such as: applicable procedures, training documentation, Safety Data Sheets (SDSs), Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), emergency contact information, and other information

Boatswains’ chair #

means a single-point adjustable suspension scaffold consisting of a seat or sling designed to support one employee in a sitting position

Breakthrough #

The penetration of challenge material(s) through a gas or a vapor air-purifying element. The quantity or extent of breakthrough during service life testing is often referred to as the percentage of the input concentration

Bridge #

Means that part of a crane consisting of girders, trucks, end ties, footwalks and the driving mechanism which carries the trolley or trolleys

Bridge Crane (AKA Underhung Crane) #

A top-running crane that has a movable bridge carrying a movable or fixed hoisting mechanism for lifting and lowering, moving horizontally and traveling on top of an overhead fixed runway

Buddy System #

A system designed to protect the machine tool user in case of injury or other incident. A “buddy”, i.e., is another Authorized Machine Tool User, Responsible Person or Monitor that is required to be present so that, in the event of an injury, emergency assistance is not delayed. Any modification to the buddy system must be reviewed on a case by case basis by EHS

Building/Departmental Contact #

The person empowered by a dean, director, or department head to arrange for and coordinate maintenance and operational activities for a designated facility

Building Manager #

The person who is designated as being responsible for the building’s pest management program and to whom any reporting and notification is made; the contact person

Cage #

Means an enclosure mounted on the side rails of a fixed ladder or fastened to a structure behind the fixed ladder that is designed to surround the climbing space of the ladder. A cage also is called a “cage guard” or “basket guard.”

Canister or Cartridge #

A container with a filter, sorbent, or catalyst, or combination of these items, which removes specific contaminants from the air passed through the container.

Carcinogen (Select Carcinogen) #

Any substance which meets one of the following criteria: (i) It is regulated by OSHA as a carcinogen; or (ii) It is listed under the category, “known to be carcinogens,” in the Annual Report on Carcinogens published by the National Toxicology Program (NTP) (latest edition); or (iii) It is listed under Group 1 (“carcinogenic to humans”) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer Monographs (IARC) (latest editions); or (iv) It is listed in either Group 2A or 2B by IARC or under the category, “reasonably anticipated to be carcinogens” by NTP, and causes statistically significant tumor incidence in experimental animals in accordance with any of the following criteria: (A) After inhalation exposure of 6–7 hours per day, 5 days per week, for a significant portion of a lifetime to dosages of less than 10 mg/m³; (B) After repeated skin application of less than 300 (mg/kg of body weight) per week; or (C) After oral dosages of less than 50 mg/kg of body weight per day. IMPORTANT: Lab personnel should recognize that many chemicals have not been thoroughly assessed for their carcinogenicity. Prior to selecting chemicals for use in laboratory procedures, researchers should be familiar with the specific classes of compounds and functional group types that have been correlated to carcinogenic activity.

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) #

A combination of rescue breathing and chest compressions delivered to victims thought to be in cardiac arrest

CBRN #

Chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear agents that NIOSH has certified some respirators for protection from

CDL #

Commercial Driver’s License issued by the State of Michigan Secretary of State Office in accordance with the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration for operation of a commercial motor vehicle (see Michigan Secretary of State – CDL information)

CGA #

Compressed Gas Association. An association that specifies cylinder valve outlet connections for specific gas services based on safety considerations

Chain fall #

Means a manually powered hoisted device employing a load bearing chain and an endless hand chain to raise or lower loads

Chain of Survival #

Optimizing a patient’s chance for survival of sudden cardiac arrest. There are four links in the chain: early recognition, early CPR, early defibrillation, and early access to advanced cardiac life support

Chauffeur License #

This is a State of Michigan requirement for operation of a vehicle with a GVWR of 10,000 pounds or more, operating a motor vehicle to carry passengers or property, operating a bus or school bus, or operating a taxi or limousine, and is issued through the Secretary of State. See the Provisions section of the State of Michigan requirements for additional information (see Michigan Secretary of State – Chauffeur License Information).

Chemical Fume Hood #

A ventilated enclosed workspace intended to capture, contain and exhaust fumes, vapors, and particulate matter generated inside the enclosure to outside the facility.

Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP) #

A written policy, developed and implemented by lab management, which sets forth procedures, equipment, personal protective equipment, and work practices that are capable of protecting employees from the health hazards associated with the use of hazardous chemicals. In essence, it is a lab safety manual.

Child-Occupied Facility #

Means a building, or portion of a building, constructed prior to 1978, visited regularly by the same child, 6 years of age or under, on at least two different days within any week (Sunday through Saturday period), provided that each day’s visit lasts at least 3 hours and the combined weekly visit lasts at least 6 hours, and the combined annual visits last at least 60 hours. Child-occupied facilities may include, but are not limited to, day-care centers, preschools and kindergarten classrooms.

Class I Asbestos Work #

Are activities involving the removal of thermal systems insulation (TSI) and surfacing ACM and PACM.

Class II Asbestos Work #

Is activity involving the removal of ACM that is not thermal system insulation or surfacing material. This includes, but is not limited to, the removal of asbestos-containing wallboard, floor tile and sheeting, roofing and siding, and construction mastics.

Class III Asbestos Work #

Is repair and maintenance operations, where ACM, including thermal systems insulation and surfacing ACM and PACM, is likely to be disturbed.

Class IV Asbestos Work #

Is maintenance and custodial activities during which employees contact but do not disturb ACM or PACM and activities to clean up dust, waste and debris resulting from Class I, II, and III activities.

Cleaning Verification Card #

Means a card developed and distributed, or otherwise approved, by the EPA for the purpose of determining, through comparison of wet and dry disposable cleaning cloths with the card, whether post-renovation cleaning has been properly completed.

Cold strain #

Refers to the physiological responses (e.g., attempts to compensate for body heat loss through vascular changes, increased metabolic production of heat, and shivering) involved in preventing or limiting body heat loss. Cold stress may progress to cold injury and illness. Cold injuries may include hypothermia (clinical hypothermia is defined as a core body temperature falling below 96.8°F [35°C]), frostbite (freezing of tissue causing damage to the skin and perhaps underlying tissue, non-freezing injuries such as immersion foot (following reduction of blood flow after exposure to cold and wet environments which can cause nerve damage), chilblains (redness and swelling of skin of hands, face after exposure to cold), and cracked skin. As the victim becomes colder, they may experience muscle rigidity, reduced blood pressure, cardiovascular effects (rhythm disturbances) and a decrease in respiratory rate. Cold strain may also involve psychological impact to body heat loss, such as cognitive decline, poor judgement (paradoxical removal of clothing), and clouded consciousness

Cold stress #

Refers to environmental conditions (e.g., air temperature/humidity, windchill temperature, rain, and inadequate clothing for protection) in which body heat is lost to the environment at a rate that is faster than the body can produce heat. Consult the US Customary Windchill Chart, an integration of air temperature and wind velocity, to provide an estimate of the cooling power of the environment. (Note that persons riding in open vehicles may be subjected to dangerous wind chills even when the natural wind velocity is low).

Combustible Gas #

Airborne concentration of gas or vapor, which may present the risk of fire or explosion if an ignition source of sufficient energy is introduced. This term is synonymous with “flammable vapor” and “explosive gas.”

Commercial Motor Vehicle #

Any motor vehicle used on a public roadway to transport passengers or property when the vehicle: Has a GVWR of 26,001 pounds or more; Towing a trailer or other vehicle with a GVWR of 10,001 pounds or a GCWR of 26,001 pounds or more; Is designed to transport more than 15 passengers, or; Is used to transport hazardous materials in quantities requiring placarding.

Competent Person #

An individual who is capable of identifying existing and foreseeable hazards in the workplace and who has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate or minimize them. The competent person must have the knowledge and ability necessary to fulfill the responsibilities to implement hazard controls and work procedures.

Compressed Gas #

Any gas or mixture of gasses exerting in a container, a pressure exceeding 40.6 psia (280 kPa, abs) at 68°F (20°C). Also, any flammable liquid having an absolute vapor pressure exceeding 40.6 psia (280 kPa, absolute) at 100°F (37.8°C) as determined by ANSI/ASTM D323, American Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Ried Method).

Confined Space #

A space that meets all of the following criteria: Is large enough and so configured that an employee can bodily enter and perform assigned work; Has limited or restricted means for entry and exit, e.g., tanks, tunnels, vessels, silos, storage bins, hoppers, vaults, and pits; And is not designed for continuous employee occupancy.

Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) #

The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission is charged with protecting the public from unreasonable risks of serious injury or death from more than 15,000 types of consumer products under the agency’s jurisdiction.

Contractor Vendor Labor #

Third party contractors utilized by the University to augment the regular and temporary workforce, to provide service and receive daily direction from a U-M employee.

Controlled Substances #

Drugs and certain other chemicals, both narcotic and non- narcotic, which come under the jurisdiction of federal DEA and state laws regulating their manufacture, sale, distribution, use and disposal.

Core Item #

A provision of the Food Code that is not designated as a Priority Item or a Priority Foundation Item.

Corrosive #

Substance causing irreversible destruction of living tissue by chemical action at the site of contact (dermal or respiratory). Major classes of corrosive substances include strong acids, strong bases, and dehydrating agents.

Corrosive Gas #

Gases that can cause visible destruction of, or irreversible alterations in, living tissue (e.g., skin, eyes, or respiratory system) by chemical action when they come in contact, or do so in the presence of water, are classified as corrosive. It is essential that equipment used for handling corrosive gasses be constructed of proper materials. Proper protective clothing and equipment must be used to minimize exposure to corrosive materials. Examples include: (acid gasses), chlorine (Cl₂), hydrogen bromide (HBr), hydrogen chloride (HCl), hydrogen fluoride (HF), and sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and (alkaline gasses) ammonia (NH₃), monomethylamine (CH₅N), dimethylamine (C₂H₇N) and trimethylamine (C₃H₉N).

Coupler #

A device for locking together the tubes of a tube and coupler scaffold.

Crane #

A lifting device to move a load vertically and horizontally with the hoisting mechanism an integral part of the machine, whether driven manually or by power.

Crawling board (chicken ladder) #

means a supported scaffold consisting of a plank with cleats spaced and secured to provide footing, for use on sloped surfaces such as roofs.

Cryogenic liquids #

Materials with extremely low boiling points (i.e. less than – 150 °F). Common examples of cryogenic liquids are liquid nitrogen, helium, and argon. Dry ice is the common term for frozen carbon dioxide. One special property of both cryogenic liquids and dry ice is that they undergo substantial volume expansion when converted to a gas phase, which can potentially lead to an oxygen deficient atmosphere where ventilation is limited.

Decibel (dB) #

The unit used to measure sound pressure levels. Decibels are measured on a logarithmic scale. Because of this, a 3dB increase corresponds to double the sound intensity.

Designated Evaluator/Trainer #

A University of Michigan employee who has been appointed by the department to conduct training in the safe use of Permitted Equipment. Trainers will have experience, skill and knowledge in operating Permitted Equipment, and have a valid permit issued by the University.

Designated Hot Work Area #

A permanent location designed and approved by the Fire Marshal for hot work operations.

Designated safety area #

Means a distinct portion of a walking-working surface delineated by a warning line in which employees may perform work without additional fall protection.

Designated Trainer #

University of Michigan employee who has been designated by his/her department to conduct training in the safe use of equipment. Trainers will have experience, skill and knowledge in operating the equipment. Trainers conducting training on an overhead or gantry crane must have a valid Overhead and Gantry Crane permit issued by the University.

Diagnostic Work #

Non-repair work conducted inside the Restricted Approach Boundary. Work generally carried out while parts or equipment are energized and special protective equipment is required.

Disturbance #

Is activity that disrupts the matrix of ACM, crumbles or pulverizes ACM, or generates visible debris from ACM. Disturbance includes cutting away small amounts of ACM, no greater than the amount which can be contained in one standard sized glovebag or waste bag in order to access a building component. In no event shall the amount of ACM disturbed exceed that which can be contained in one glovebag or waste bag which shall not exceed 60 inches in length and width.

Dockboard #

Means a portable or fixed device that spans a gap or compensates for a difference in elevation between a loading platform and a transport vehicle. Dockboards include, but are not limited to, bridge plates, dock plates, and dock levelers.

DOT #

(United States) Department of Transportation, the federal agency overseeing the regulation of Federal highways, motor vehicles, air, railroad and maritime transportation, and the transport of hazardous materials.

Double Block and Bleed #

The closure of a line, duct, or pipe by closing and locking or tagging two in-line valves and by opening and locking or tagging a drain or vent valve in the line between the two closed valves. Refer to the Lockout Tagout Program for additional information.

Drug and Alcohol Testing Program #

All Commercial Driver’s License holders are subject to and included in the Program, which includes pre-employment testing, inclusion in the random testing pool, post-accident testing, and reasonable suspicion testing.

Dust Mask #

A negative pressure particulate respirator with a filter as an integral part of the facepiece or with the entire facepiece composed of the filtering medium, e.g., a disposable particulate respirator rated as N95 (at least 95% efficient to remove particles greater than 0.3 micrometers (µm) in diameter).

EHS Document Binder (Blue Binder) #

Electrically Non-hazardous Work #

Work not requiring any specialized training, qualifications or equipment relative to electrical safety.

Electrically Qualified Person #

A person trained and knowledgeable in the construction and operation of electrical equipment, specific work methods, electrical hazard recognition and avoidance techniques, use of electrical personal protective equipment, insulating and shielding materials, insulated tools, electrical testing equipment, skills and techniques to distinguish exposed energized parts and their nominal voltage, safe approach distances, the decision making process to determine the degree and extent of electrical hazards, the necessary personal protective equipment and job planning needed to safely do their assigned tasks.

Electrically Safe Work Condition #

A state in which an electrical conductor or circuit part has been disconnected from energized parts, locked/tagged in accordance with established standards, tested to ensure the absence of voltage, and grounded if determined necessary.

Electrical Parts #

All wiring, generating equipment, fixtures, appliances, and appurtenances in connection with the generation, transmission, distribution, and use of electricity.

Electrical Work #

Working on, near, with, or affecting unenclosed electrical parts.

Electric Power Generation, Transmission or Distribution Work #

Electrical work on electrical power generation and distribution systems, generally considered high voltage and lighting, and the part of the distribution system before the service drop, electrical meter, building/facility main breaker/fuse, or other similar demarcation.

Electric Power Generation #

That part of the electrical power system specifically designed for creating electricity for distribution through a grid system to users.

Electromagnetic Field (EMF) #

In this context it is the electromagnetic radiation spectrum that is non-ionizing and limited to the RF portion of the spectrum covered by FCC guidelines and regulations (Frequencies that range from 300 kHz to 100 GHz and is the range in which the FCC sets exposure standards). That spectral range includes broadcast antennas for radio, cellular, amateur radio, microwave and satellite transmission. Antennas that do not broadcast (receiving antennas and dishes) are not sources of radiation and are not a concern. In addition, there is RF equipment that the FCC categorically excludes from routine RF assessment because they are designed, tested, certified to the FCC and built to meet RF exposure limits for members of the public. In those instances, the FCC considers installation and use of those devices as designed to be sufficient (e.g. most WiFi repeaters and some small data point-to-point dishes).

Electromagnetic Frequency Spectrum #

The entire range of wavelengths or frequencies of electromagnetic radiation extending from gamma rays to the longest radio waves, including visible light. This safety program is limited to the radio frequency (RF) portion of the EMF spectrum that is non-ionizing. This spectral range includes transmitting antennas for radio, cellular nodes, and microwave and satellite transmission.

Emergency Medical Services (EMS) #

Typically, an ambulance service that provides acute medical care and transports patients to a medical facility for more advanced treatment.

Enclosure #

Means an airtight, impermeable, barrier around an ACM designed to prevent the release of asbestos fibers into the air.

End-of-Service-Life Indicator (ESLI) #

A system that warns the respirator user of the approach of the end of adequate respiratory protection; for example, that the sorbent is approaching saturation or is no longer effective.

Engulfment #

The surrounding or capture of a person by a liquid or finely divided (flowable) solid substance that can cause asphyxiation, drowning, or can exert enough force on the body to cause death by strangulation, constriction or crushing.

Entry #

Means the action by which a person passes through an opening into a permit-required confined space. Entry includes ensuing work activities in that space and is considered to have occurred as soon as any part of the entrant’s body breaks the plane of an opening into the space.

Entry Permit #

Written authorization for entry into a permit-required confined space.

Entry Supervisor #

First-line foreman or designated lead person, responsible for: Determining if acceptable entry conditions have been verified where entry is planned; Documenting these conditions on a permit-required confined space permit; Authorizing the entry by signing the entry permit; Overseeing all entry operations ; And terminating the entry and closing out the permit.

Energy Isolating Devices #

A physical device that prevents the transmission or release of energy including but not limited to the following: a manually operated electrical circuit breaker, a disconnect switch, a manually operated switch, a slide gate, a slip blind, a line valve and similar devices with a visible indication of the position of the device (Note: push buttons, selector switches, and other control circuit type devices are not energy isolating devices).

Energy Sources #

Energy is defined as movement or the possibility of movement. Potential sources are: electrical, mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, chemical, thermal and gravitational.

Engineering Controls #

Equipment used to eliminate or reduce exposure to a chemical or physical hazard through the implementation or substitution of engineered machinery or equipment.

Environment, Health & Safety (EHS) #

The University of Michigan department that works to maintain a safe and healthy environment. The Department will survey matters of environmental sanitation, occupational safety, occupational health, and radiation safety; coordinate and assist in educating faculty, staff and students on standards applicable to University-associated activities and safety efforts throughout the University; advise faculty and staff on procedures relating to biosafety and biological safety cabinets; develop accident prevention programs; provide advice; render service; investigate accidents; and maintain statistics related to occupational safety and health. Refer to the EHS website for guidance and educational materials.

Erecting and Disassembling Scaffolding #

the process of building or taking down a scaffold to or from its completed state.

Evidence of Impending Failure #

Evidence of arcing, overheating, lose or bound equipment parts, visible damage, deterioration, or other damage.

Excursion Limit #

A permissible exposure limit for asbestos equal to an airborne concentration of 1.0 fiber per cubic centimeter of air (1 f/cc) as averaged over a sampling period of thirty (30) minutes

Exposure control plan (ECP) #

A written plan that describes the work tasks, engineering controls, work practices, types of respiratory protection, housekeeping measures, and procedures used to restrict access to work areas in order to limit exposures to employees. The ECP shall be reviewed annually and updated as necessary.

Explosive #

A chemical that causes a sudden, almost instantaneous release of pressure, gas, and heat when subjected to sudden shock, pressure, or high temperature.

Extension ladder #

Means a non-self-supporting portable ladder that is adjustable in length.

Fabricated Frame Scaffold (tubular welded frame scaffold) #

a supported scaffold consisting of a platform supported on fabricated end frames with integral posts, horizontal bearers, and intermediate members.

Fall hazard #

Means any condition on a walking-working surface that exposes an employee to a risk of harm from a fall on the same level or to a lower level.

Fall protection #

Means any equipment, device, or system that prevents an employee from falling from an elevation or mitigates the effect of such a fall.

Fiber #

Means a particulate form of asbestos 5 micrometers (µm) or longer, with a length-to-diameter ratio of at least 3 to 1.

Filtering Facepiece #

A negative pressure particulate respirator with a filter as the integral part of the facepiece or entirely composing the facepiece that is commonly known as a “dust mask” (see definition above). Filtering facepieces are available through EHS or purchased through M-marketsite.

Fire Monitoring #

Means if there is a potential for smoldering fire then someone must remain in the area for a designated time after work.

Fire Watch #

A person stationed in the hot work area who monitors the work area for the beginnings of potential unwanted fires. The fire watch may be assigned other work duties while in the hot work area.

Fit Test #

Means the use of a protocol to qualitatively or quantitatively evaluate the fit of a respirator on an individual. (See also Qualitative fit test-QLFT and Quantitative fit test-QNFT.)

Fixed Food Service Establishment #

A food service establishment with a permanent location. This is an operation where food or drink is prepared for direct consumption through service on the premises or elsewhere, and any other eating or drinking establishment or operation where food is served or provided to the public.

Fixed ladder #

Means a ladder with rails or individual rungs that is permanently attached to a structure, building, or equipment. Fixed ladders include individual-rung ladders, but not ship stairs, step bolts, or manhole steps.

Flammable Chemical #

A chemical that falls into one of the following categories: 1) “Aerosol, flammable” means an aerosol that, when tested by the method described in 16 CFR 1500.45, yields a flame projection exceeding 18 inches at full valve opening, or a flashback (a flame extending back to the valve) at any degree of valve opening; 2) “Gas, flammable” means: A) A gas that, at ambient temperature and pressure, forms a flammable mixture with air at a concentration of 13 percent by volume or less; or B) A gas that, at ambient temperature and pressure, forms a range of flammable mixtures with air greater than 12 percent by volume, regardless of the lower explosive limit; 3) “Liquid, flammable” means any liquid having a flashpoint below 100°F (37.8°C), except any mixture having components with flashpoints of 100°F (37.8°C) or higher, the total of which make up 99 percent or more of the total volume of the mixture; 4) “Solid, flammable” means a solid, other than a blasting agent or explosive as defined in 29 CFR 1910.109(a), that is liable to cause fire through friction, absorption of moisture, spontaneous chemical change, or retained heat from manufacturing or processing, or which can be ignited readily and when ignited burns so vigorously and persistently as to create a serious hazard. A chemical shall be considered to be a flammable solid if, when tested by the method described in 16 CFR 1500.44, it ignites and burns with a self-sustained flame at a rate greater than one-tenth of an inch per second along its major axis.

Flammable Gas #

A gas is considered flammable when either a mixture of 13% or less (by volume) with air is ignitable at 14.7 psia (101.3 kPa) or has a flammable range with air of at least 12% regardless of the lower limit. (These limits shall be determined at 14.7 psia (101.3 kPa) of pressure and a temperature of 68°F (20°C).) Examples include: acetylene (C₂H₂), carbon monoxide (CO), ethane (C₂H₆), hydrogen (H₂), methane (CH₄), hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), phosphine (PH₃), diborane (B₂H₆) and arsine (AsH₃).

Friable #

Means asbestos-containing material that when dry, can be easily crumbled or pulverized to powder by hand pressure and is therefore likely to emit fibers.

Fume Hood (Chemical Fume Hood) #

A ventilated enclosed workspace intended to capture, contain and exhaust fumes, vapors, and particulate matter generated inside the enclosure to outside the facility.

Gantry Crane #

A crane similar to an overhead crane, except that the bridge for carrying the trolley(s) is rigidly supported by one or more legs running on a fixed rail or other runway, or wheels.

General Ventilation (GV) #

The process of supplying fresh air to an enclosed space or room to refresh/remove/replace the existing atmosphere.

Gross Combination Weight Rating (GCWR) #

This is the value specified by the manufacturer as the maximum loaded weight of a combination vehicle, example: a truck and trailer. It can be calculated by adding the GVWR of the vehicle and the trailer or towed vehicle.

Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) #

This is determined by the manufacturer to be the weight of the vehicle PLUS its maximum recommended load. The manufacturer’s nomenclature plate may be metal or a sticker inside the vehicle, typically in the glove box or on the door frame. When vehicles are intended to be modified with items such as; interior shelves, racks, tools, snow plow, or a lift gate, the axle ratings or the tire ratings of the vehicle must be added together to determine the GVWR.

Glovebag #

Is not more than a 60 x 60 inch impervious plastic bag-like enclosure affixed around an asbestos-containing material, with glove-like appendages through which material and tools may be handled.

Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI) #

A device whose function is to quickly interrupt the electric circuit to the load when the difference in current between the hot line to the neutral line exceeds 5 milliamps.

Guard #

An enclosure designed to restrain pieces of abrasive wheels, wheel pulley assemblies, other moving parts or working stock, and to protect the employee in the event of breakage or accidental contact with the moving part.

Guardrail system #

Means a barrier erected along an unprotected or exposed side, edge, or other area of a walking-working surface to prevent employees from falling to a lower level.

GCWR (Gross Combination Weight Rating) #

HACCP Plan #

Written documentation that outlines the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point principles for a specific individual food service operation.

Hand Tool #

An instrument used or worked by hand.

Handrail #

Means a rail used to provide employees with a handhold for support.

Hazard Assessment #

An evaluation of the workspace or a work process by an EHS professional which may include observation, discussion, or environmental testing to identify the potential for injury, exposure, of a compromised work environment. Hazard assessments can also be conducted by Authorized Users or other persons deemed “experts”, as long as this assessment is reviewed by EHS staff.

Hazardous Atmosphere #

An atmosphere that may expose employees to the risk of death, incapacitation, impairment of ability to self-rescue, injury, or acute illness from one or more of the following causes: Flammable gas, vapor, or mist in excess of 10% of its lower explosive limit (LEL); Airborne combustible dust that is at or approaching its lower explosive limit. This concentration may be approximated as a condition in which the dust obscures vision at a distance of 5 feet or less; Atmospheric oxygen concentration below 19.5% or above 23.5%; Any chemical or substance present which may be at concentrations capable of causing death, incapacitation, impairment of ability to self-rescue, injury, or acute illness due to its health effects and is above the regulatory limit; Any other atmospheric condition that is immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH).

Hazardous Chemical #

A chemical for which there is statistically significant evidence based on at least one study conducted in accordance with established scientific principles that acute or chronic health effects may occur in exposed laboratory personnel (includes carcinogens, toxic or highly toxic agents, reproductive toxins, irritants, corrosives, sensitizers, hepatotoxins, nephrotoxins, neurotoxins, agents which act on the hematopoietic systems, and agents which damage the lungs, skin, eyes, or mucous membranes).

Hazardous Energy #

Energy sources including electrical, mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, chemical, thermal, or other sources in machines and equipment. During the servicing and maintenance of machines and equipment, the unexpected startup or release of stored energy can result in serious injury or death to workers.

Hearing Conservation Program (HCP) #

A program to protect employee hearing from potentially damaging levels of noise that includes the following components: Noise monitoring; Audiometric testing; Employee training; And hearing protection

Heat Stress #

Any set of environmental and workload conditions which places excessive demands on the normal regulation of body temperature. When heat stress causes an imbalance between body heat gain and body heat loss, this can result in heat strain.

Heat Strain #

A physiological reaction to environmental heat stress. Depending on individual tolerance and specific environmental conditions, heat strain can manifest itself in a variety of heat disorders, including heat cramps, heat exhaustion, heat syncope, heat stroke, and rashes. This program provides more detailed information on heat disorders.

Hematopoietic toxicants #

Substances that decrease hemoglobin function and deprive the body tissues of oxygen (e.g. carbon monoxide, cyanides).

Hepatotoxin #

Substances that produce liver damage (e.g. nitrosamines, carbon tetrachloride).

High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) Filters #

Filters capable of trapping and retaining at least 99.97% of all particles of 0.3 micrometers (µm) in diameter. The equivalent NIOSH 42 CFR 94 particulate filters are the N100, R100, and P100 filters.

Highly Toxic Chemical #

A chemical (also referred to as a highly acute toxin) falling within any of the following categories: A chemical with a median lethal dose (LD50) of 50 mg or less per kg of body weight when administered orally to albino rats weighing between 200 and 300 gm each; A chemical with a median lethal dose (LD50) of 200 mg or less per kg of body weight when administered by continuous contact for 24 hours (or less if death occurs within 24 hours) with the bare skin of albino rabbits weighing between 2 and 3 kg each; Or a chemical that has a median lethal concentration (LC50) in air of 200 ppm by volume or less of gas or vapor, or 2 mg per liter or less of mist, fume, or dust, when administered by continuous inhalation for 1 hour (or less if death occurs within 1 hour) to albino rats weighing between 200 and 300 gm each.

High Noise Levels #

High noise levels are defined as measured noise levels at or approaching the Action Level of 85 dB or the potential for a worker to be exposed to these levels anytime during normal work tasks at the University. For example, if it is necessary to shout for someone to hear you at an arm’s length away, it is a good indication the sound level is too high.

High (Primary) Voltage Electrical Equipment #

Equipment energized with more than 600 volts to ground.

Hoist #

An apparatus, which may be part of a crane, exerting force for lifting or lowering.

Hoist area #

Means any elevated access opening to a walking-working surface through which equipment or materials are loaded or received.

Hole #

Means a gap or open space in a floor, roof, horizontal walking-working surface, or similar surface that is at least 2 inches (5 cm) in its least dimension.

Hot Work #

Means work involving burning, welding, hot work operations or a similar operation that is capable of initiating fires or explosions.

Hot Work Operations #

Cutting, welding, brazing, torch soldering, high speed metal grinding, or use of an open flame.

Hot Work Operator #

Individual performing the assigned hot work.

Hot Work Permit #

A written document that functions as a procedure guide and warning tag in preparing and performing hot work. An additional permit used to enter a confined space when hot work operations will be performed in the space.

Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH) #

An atmosphere that poses an immediate threat to life, would cause irreversible adverse health effects, or would impair an individual’s ability to escape from a dangerous atmosphere.

Incompatible #

Materials that could cause dangerous reactions by direct contact with one another.

Inert Gas #

A term used to describe a variety of gasses which are chemically inactive. For instance, molecular nitrogen is often used as an inert gas in food packaging to ensure that food doesn’t spoil in transit. Helium and neon are the only true elemental inert gasses, because they do not form any true chemical compounds like the heavier noble gasses do.

Infrequent Tasks #

Task or job is performed once per month, once per year, when needed (e.g., equipment breakdown), on an occasional basis, or at sporadic or irregular intervals. Examples of such tasks include: annual maintenance or servicing of equipment, monthly or quarterly replacement of batteries or HVAC filters, and responding to equipment outage or breakdown A task may be considered infrequent when it is performed once a month, once a year, or when needed.”

Intact #

Means that the ACM has not crumbled, been pulverized, or otherwise deteriorated so that the asbestos is no longer likely to be bound with its matrix.

Intrinsically Safe (Equipment) #

Is defined as equipment and wiring which is incapable of releasing sufficient electrical or thermal energy under normal or abnormal conditions to cause ignition of a specific hazardous atmospheric mixture in its most easily ignited concentration (ANSI/ISA RP12.06.01-1995 (R2002)).

Irritant #

A substance, which is not corrosive, but which causes a reversible inflammatory effect on living tissue by chemical action at the site of contact (dermal or respiratory). NOTE: A wide variety of organic and inorganic compounds are irritants and consequently exposure to all laboratory chemicals should always be avoided.

Ladder jack scaffold #

means a supported scaffold consisting of a platform resting on brackets attached to ladders.

Ladder safety system #

Means a system designed to eliminate or reduce the possibility of falling from a ladder. A ladder safety system usually consists of a carrier, safety sleeve, lanyard, connectors, and body harness. Cages and wells are not ladder safety systems.

Large area scaffold #

means a pole scaffold, tube and coupler scaffold, systems scaffold, or fabricated frame scaffold erected over substantially the entire work area. For example: a scaffold erected over the entire floor area of a room.

Laser Generated Air Contaminants (LGACs) #

Airborne chemicals or compounds that can pose hazards to human health or the environment. LGACs are generated when a Class 3b or Class 4 laser strikes matter in a system without adequate ventilation.

Laser Interlock #

An interlock where the failure of a single mechanical or electrical component of the interlock will cause the system to go into, or remain in a safe mode.

LC50 #

LC stands for lethal concentration. LC50 is the concentration of a material in air which causes the death of 50% (one half) of a group of test animals. The material is inhaled over a set period of time, usually 1 or 4 hours. The LC50 helps determine the short-term poisoning potential of a material. The value is expressed in g/kg or mg/kg of body weight.

Lead #

Includes all metallic lead, all inorganic lead compounds, and organic lead soaps.

Lead Abatement #

Projects intended to permanently eliminate lead-based paint hazards, i.e., removal of paint, lead-containing dust, enclosure or encapsulation of painted surfaces, replacement of painted components and all associated preparation and cleanup work.

Lead-Based Paint (LBP) #

Paint, or other surface coatings, that contain lead equal to or in excess of 1.0 milligram per square centimeter (mg/cm²), or 0.5 percent (by weight), or 5,000 μg/g. During construction activities, where potential occupational exposure of workers to lead-containing materials could occur, paint containing lead in any amount would be considered lead-containing material.

Lead-Containing Material (LCM) #

Building materials containing lead in any amount.

Lecture Bottle #

High pressure gas cylinders which are generally sold outright by the gas supplier and are not returnable to the gas supplier. Lecture bottles may be purchased with flammable, corrosive and other hazardous material as defined in 49 CFR, Department of Transportation (DOT), and 29 CFR, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Lecture bottles have the designation “LB”.

Limited Approach Boundary #

A shock protection boundary to be crossed by only qualified persons (at a distance from a live part), which is not to be crossed by unqualified persons unless escorted by a qualified person.

Limited Work #

Work done outside of the Restricted Approach Boundary, but inside the Limited Approach Boundary. Work generally carried out while parts or equipment are energized but special protective equipment for shock hazards are not required.

Line Breaking or Misalignment #

The intentional and physical disconnection of a pipe, line or duct. Added protection is obtained by misaligning or removing a section of the pipe, line, or duct. When potentially hazardous residues might remain downstream from the disconnecting point, the line should be purged and atmospheric testing conducted.

Local Exhaust Ventilation (LEV) #

An engineering control system to reduce exposures to airborne contaminants such as dust, mist, fume, vapor or gas in the workplace. LEV may be fixed in the workplace, or portable, and may be connected to building exhaust ducts or a filtration system.

Lockout #

Means to secure by use of a lock.

Lockout Device #

A device that utilizes a lock and key to hold an energy isolating device in a safe position and prevent the inadvertent energizing of equipment for the purpose of protecting personnel.

Lockout/Tagout (LOTO) #

The placement of a lock and/or tag on the energy isolating device in accordance with an established procedure, ensuring that the energy isolating device cannot be operated until the removal of the lock/tag. The term lockout/tagout allows the use of a lockout device, tagout device, or combination of both. A procedure whereby a lock and/or tag device is used to hold an energy-isolating device (such as a switch, valve, etc.) in the “off” or safe position. This procedure is fully explained in the Lockout Tagout Program.

Low-slope roof #

Means a roof that has a slope less than or equal to a ratio of 4 in 12 (vertical to horizontal).

Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) #

Lowest concentration at which a gas or vapor can ignite and can be used interchangeably with LFL (Lower Flammable Limit). Concentrations below this level are too lean to burn.

Lower level #

Means a surface or area to which an employee could fall. Such surfaces or areas include, but are not limited to, ground levels, floors, roofs, ramps, runways, excavations, pits, tanks, materials, water, equipment, and similar surfaces and structures, or portions thereof.

Machine Shop #

Any location where metal, wood, plastic or other material is cut, drilled, shaped or otherwise transformed using power-driven machine tools or equipment. Example tools and equipment include but are not limited to: drill press, lathe, band saw, table saw, mill, grinder, buffer, shear, metal punch, jointer, portable power tools, swing arm saw, radial arm saw, planer, slitter, roll-form machine, cold header, multi slide machines, drum sanders, belt sanders, veneer cutters, splicers, and alligator shears.

Machine Shop Monitor (Monitor) #

An employee designated by the Machine Shop Responsible Person to enforce unit-specific machine shop policy and administrative controls for a machine shop. Job duties include training, designation of machine shop safety Monitors and oversight of equipment/users.

Makerspace #

Any shop, studio, or space that employs the use of electronic equipment for the design, development, or fabrication of materials or products with the assistance of software products.

Manhole steps #

Means steps that are individually attached to, or set into, the wall of a manhole structure.

Maximum intended load #

means the total load of all persons, equipment, tools, materials, transmitted loads, and other loads reasonably anticipated to be applied to a scaffold or scaffold component at any one time.

Maximum Use Concentration (MUC) #

Means the maximum atmospheric concentration of a hazardous substance from which an employee can be expected to be protected when wearing a respirator, and is determined by the assigned protection factor (APF) of the respirator or class of respirators and the exposure limit of the hazardous substance. The MUC can be determined mathematically by multiplying the APF specified for a respirator by the required MIOSHA permissible exposure limit, short-term exposure limit, or ceiling limit. When no MIOSHA exposure limit is available for a hazardous substance, an employer must determine an MUC on the basis of relevant available information and informed professional judgment.

Medical Examiner’s Certification #

The Department of Transportation (DOT) medical card necessary in conjunction with a Chauffeur license and/or a CDL. It must be carried with either license (see DOT medical/physical requirements).

Mesothelioma #

Is a rare form of cancer of the lining of the lung or abdomen.

Mobile Equipment #

Material-handling equipment used for such tasks as earthmoving, excavating, lifting, and hauling (other than powered industrial trucks). Examples include scrapers, loaders, crawler or wheel tractors, bulldozers, off-highway trucks, backhoes, and graders.

Mobile Food Service Establishment #

A food service establishment operating from a vehicle, trailer, or watercraft which is not fully equipped for full food service and, therefore, must return to a licensed commissary at least once every 24 hours for servicing and maintenance. The commissary license number must be recorded in the appropriate place in order for this application to be processed.

Mobile Scaffold #

a powered or unpowered, portable, caster, or wheel mounted supported scaffold. Not an aerial lift

Monorail System #

An overhead track from which hoisting equipment travels to transport loads and includes curves, switches, transfer devices, drop sections, hangers and related equipment.

MUC (Maximum Use Concentration) #

Nanoparticle #

A collection of tens to thousands of atoms approximately 1 to 100 nanometers in diameter that may be naturally occurring or engineered. Examples include: carbon buckeyballs or fullerenes; carbon nanotubes; metal oxide nanoparticles (e.g., titanium dioxide); quantum dots, among many others.

National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) #

A research group within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. NIOSH is an agency that was established to help assure safe and healthful working conditions for working men and women by providing research, information, education, and training in the field of occupational safety and health. NIOSH is the responsible organization for testing and certifying respirators.

Negative Exposure Assessment #

Means a demonstration by the employer that employee exposure during an operation is expected to be consistently below the Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) and Excursion Limit (EL). It is job specific and the workplace conditions, type of material, control methods, work practices, and environmental conditions must closely resemble those of the activity to be represented.

Negative Initial Determination #

Means a demonstration by the employer, that employee exposure during an operation is expected to be consistently below the Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL). It is job specific and the workplace conditions, type of material, control methods, work practices, and environmental conditions must closely resemble those of the activity to be represented.

Negative Pressure Respirator #

A tight-fitting respirator in which the air pressure inside the facepiece is negative during inhalation with respect to the ambient air pressure outside the respirator.

Nephrotoxin #

Substances causing damage to the kidneys (e.g., certain halogenated hydrocarbons).

Neurotoxin #

Substances that produce their primary toxic effects on the nervous system (e.g., mercury, acrylamide, carbon disulfide).

NFPA #

National Fire Protection Association is a nonprofit organization, devoted to eliminating death, injury, and property loss due to fire, electrical and related hazards. The association delivers information through consensus codes and standards. U-M has adopted NFPA 45 and 55 as they relate to compressed gas use.

Noble Gas #

The noble gasses are the chemical elements in group 18 (old-style Group 0) of the periodic table. This chemical series contains helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon and radon. The noble gasses were previously referred to as inert gasses, but this term is not strictly accurate because several of them do take part in chemical reactions. Another older term was rare gasses, although in fact they form a considerable part (0.93% by volume, 1.29% by mass) of the Earth’s atmosphere.

Noise Reduction Rating (NRR) #

The NRR is the measure, in decibels, of how well a hearing protector reduces noise, as specified by the Environmental Protection Agency.

Non-Employee #

An individual who does not receive any monetary payment from the University of Michigan. An example would include undergraduate students who are enrolled in classes but not hired as temporary staff.

Non-Permit Required Confined Space #

Confined spaces that do not contain or, have the potential to contain, any hazard capable of causing death or serious physical harm.

Normal Operation or Normal Operating Condition #

Equipment that meets the following requirements: 1) The equipment is properly installed; 2) The equipment is properly maintained; 3) The equipment doors are closed and secured; 4) All equipment covers are in place and secured; and 5) There is no evidence of impending failure.

Occupational Health Services Clinic (OHS) #

The University’s occupational health clinic providing support and services for medical surveillance activities and injury and illness treatment.

Opening #

Means a gap or open space in a wall, partition, vertical walking-working surface, or similar surface that is at least 30 inches (76 cm) high and at least 18 inches (46 cm) wide, through which an employee can fall to a lower level.

Organic peroxide #

An organic compound that contains the bivalent –o-o- structure and which may be considered to be a structural derivative of hydrogen peroxide where one or both of the hydrogen atoms has been replaced by an organic radical.

Outrigger #

the structural member of a scaffold used to increase the base width and provide increased support and stability.

Outside Contractor #

An individual affiliated with a third party employer separate from the University, performing work for the University and receives daily direction from a non-U-M employee.

Oxidizer #

A chemical other than a blasting agent or explosive, that initiates or promotes combustion in other materials, thereby causing fire either of itself or through the release of oxygen or other gasses.

Oxygen Deficient Atmosphere #

An atmosphere which contains an oxygen partial pressure of less than 148 millimeters of mercury at sea level, or less than 19.5 percent oxygen, by volume.

Oxidizing Gas #

Include oxygen (O₂), nitrous oxide (NO) and gas mixtures containing a high percentage (> 23.5%) of oxygen. These gasses can accelerate combustion and upon contact with combustible materials, may cause a fire or explosion. Therefore, this type of gas should be stored away from all combustible materials, potential sources of ignition and flammable gasses.

Particularly Hazardous Substances #

These consist of select carcinogens, reproductive toxins and substances that have a high degree of acute toxicity (also defined as highly toxic) or chronic toxicity.

PEL (Permissible exposure limit) #

The maximum personal exposure permitted 8-hour time-weighted average concentration of an airborne contaminant.

Perchlorates #

Are vapors or condensed precipitates of perchloric acid. Vapors can condense while passing through the hood exhaust system forming perchlorates. Dried crystallized perchlorates are shock sensitive and can detonate upon contact during cleaning, modification or repair of the hood system.

Perchloric Acid #

A strong acid that is a powerful oxidizing agent. Perchloric acid protocols involving cold perchloric acid can be performed in a standard chemical fume hood; however, specially designed fume hoods are required if perchloric acid is heated, or if perchloric acid is used at concentrations >72%, used frequently or in large quantities.

Perchloric Acid Fume Hood #

A fume hood constructed of noncombustible materials and equipped with a water wash-down system. This system is activated to prevent the formation of perchlorates in the exhaust ducts after using the acid.

Permissible exposure limit (PEL) #

The maximum personal exposure permitted 8-hour time-weighted average concentration of an airborne contaminant.

Permissible Exposure Limit (for Lead) #

An employer shall assure that no employee is exposed to lead at concentrations greater than fifty micrograms of lead per cubic meter of air (50 µg/m³) averaged over an 8-hour period.

Permissible Exposure Limit (for Silica) #

An employer shall assure that no employee is exposed to silica at concentrations greater than fifty micrograms of respirable silica per cubic meter of air (50 µg/m³), averaged over an 8-hour period.

Permit Authorizing Individual #

A trained and competent person other than the hot work operator, authorized to assess hot work activities and approve hot work permits.

Permit-Required Confined Space #

A confined space that has one or more of the following characteristics: Contains or has the potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere. When assessing the potential for a hazardous atmosphere, consideration must be given to portals of entry from other areas, such as pipes, ducts and vents; Contains a material that has the potential for engulfing an entrant; Has an internal configuration such that an entrant could be trapped or asphyxiated by inwardly converging walls or floor which slopes downward or tapers to a smaller cross-section; Or contains any other recognized serious safety or health hazard that may have an immediate effect or inhibit the employee leaving the space unaided (e.g., exposed electrical parts, extreme temperature, moving machinery, etc.).

Permitted Equipment #

University owned or leased equipment defined as an aerial work platform, mobile equipment, powered industrial trucks or tractors.

Permitted Equipment Administrator #

The EHS employee responsible for coordinating the permit process for EHS.

Permitted Operator (of Permitted Equipment) #

University of Michigan employee or approved contractor who has been issued a permit by EHS to operate Permitted Equipment.

Permitted Operator (of Cranes) #

University of Michigan employee or approved contractor who has been issued a permit by EHS to operate overhead or gantry cranes.

Personal fall arrest system (PFAS) #

Means a system used to arrest an employee in a fall from a walking-working surface. It consists of a body harness, anchorage, and connector. The means of connection may include a lanyard, deceleration device, lifeline, or a suitable combination of these.

Machine Shop Responsible Person (Responsible Person) #

An employee who is empowered to develop, implement, and enforce departmental policy and administrative controls for a machine shop. These controls are intended to ensure the safety of those using the machine shop equipment

Medical Examiner’s Certification #

The Department of Transportation (DOT) medical card necessary in conjunction with a Chauffeur license and/or a CDL. It must be carried with either license (see DOT medical/physical requirements)

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) #

Devices worn by workers to protect against hazards in the environment. The hazards addressed by PPE include physical, electrical, heat, chemicals, biohazards, and airborne particulate matter. Examples include safety glasses, face shields, respirators, gloves, hard hats, steel-toes shoes, and hearing protection. Also includes devices and equipment for protection from electrical shock, and arc-flash resistant apparel for protection from electrical arc-flashes

Person-in-Charge (PIC) #

The individual present at the food establishment who is responsible for the operation.

Pests #

Any unwanted insect, rodent, nematode, fungus, weed, or other animal, plant, or microorganism. This does not include organisms in or on living animals.

Pesticide #

Any substance or mixture of substances intended to prevent, destroy, repel, or mitigate pests, or intended for use as a plant regulator, defoliant, or desiccant that limits the unwanted growth of a pest.

Pest Management Professional #

A person specializing in the identification, reduction, and prevention of pest populations.

PFAS (Personal fall arrest system) #

Physician or other Licensed Health Care Professional (PLHCP) #

An individual whose legally permitted scope of practice, i.e., license, registration, or certification, allows him or her to independently provide or be delegated the responsibility to provide some or all of the health care services at the site.

Platform #

means a work surface elevated above lower levels. Platforms can be constructed using individual wood planks, fabricated planks, fabricated decks, and fabricated platforms.

Point of Operation #

Means that point at which cutting, shaping, working, assembly or forming is accomplished upon the stock.

Polylactic Acid (PLA) #

A common thermoplastics polymer. It is a biodegradable and bioactive thermoplastic derived from renewable resources, such as cornstarch, tapioca roots, chips or starch, or sugarcane. While controls are still necessary for use in 3D printing with PLA, it is considered one of the safer filaments to use in this equipment.

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE or Teflon™) #

A family of high-performance products that are used in a wide variety of industrial applications and consumer applications. A high-molecular weight compound consisting completely of carbon and fluorine.

Portable ladder #

Means a ladder that can readily be moved or carried, and usually consists of side rails joined at intervals by steps, rungs, or cleats.

Positioning system (work-positioning system) #

Means a system of equipment and connectors that, when used with a body harness or body belt, allows an employee to be supported on an elevated vertical surface, such as a wall or windowsill, and work with both hands free. Positioning systems also are called “positioning system devices” and “work-positioning equipment.”

Potentially Hazardous Exhaust Systems #

Any exhaust system used for chemical, radiological, or biohazardous materials. The systems include fume hoods, BSCs, exhaust snorkels, slot hoods, canopies, paint booths, etc.

Potentially Hazardous Food (Time/Temperature Control for Safety Food) #

A food that requires time/temperature control for safety (TCS) to limit pathogenic microorganism growth or toxin formation. Potentially hazardous food includes food of an animal origin that is raw or heat-treated; a food of plant origin that is heat-treated or consists of raw seed sprouts; cut melons; cut leafy greens; cut tomatoes; and garlic-in-oil mixtures that are not modified in a way that results in mixtures that do not support the growth of infectious or toxigenic microorganisms.

Powered Air-Purifying Respirator (PAPR) #

An air-purifying respirator that uses a blower to deliver air through the air-purifying element to the wearer’s breathing zone.

Powered Industrial Trucks #

Mobile, power driven vehicles used to carry, push, pull, lift, and stack or tier material. Examples include forklift trucks, high/low trucks, motorized hand trucks, industrial tractors, motorized hand rider trucks, and platform trucks.

Precursor Chemical #

Precursor chemicals are chemicals used in the course of legitimate research that can potentially be used in the illicit production of controlled substances such as methamphetamine, cocaine, heroin, and MDMA (ecstasy).

Pressure Demand Respirator #

A respirator in which the pressure inside the facepiece in relation to the immediate environment is positive during both inhalation and exhalation.

Pressure Relief Device (burst disk) #

A pressure and/or temperature activated device used to prevent the pressure from rising above a predetermined maximum, thereby preventing rupture of a normally charged cylinder when subjected to a standard fire test.

Presumed Asbestos Containing Material (PACM) #

Is thermal system insulation and surfacing material found in buildings constructed no later than 1980. All materials meeting this definition must be presumed to be asbestos containing and handled as such unless analytical testing proves otherwise.

Primary (High) Voltage Electrical Equipment #

Equipment energized with more than 600 volts to ground.

Priority Item #

A provision of the Food Code whose application contributes directly to the elimination, prevention or reduction to an acceptable level, hazards associated with foodborne illness or injury and there is no other provision that more directly controls the hazard.

Priority Foundation Item #

A provision of the Food Code whose application supports, facilitates or enables one or more Priority Items.

Program Administrator #

Person who is qualified by appropriate training or experience that is commensurate with the complexity of the program to administer or oversee the respiratory protection program and conduct the required evaluations of the program’s effectiveness.

Properly Installed #

Equipment is installed in accordance with applicable industry codes and standards and the manufacturer’s recommendations.

Properly Maintained #

Equipment has been maintained in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations and applicable industry codes and standards.

Protective Systems #

Methods of protecting employees from cave-ins, from material that could fall or roll from an excavation face into an excavation, or from the collapse of adjacent structures. Protective systems include support systems, sloping, benching systems, shield systems, and other systems that provide the necessary protection.

PSIA #

Pounds per square inch, absolute.

PSIG #

Pounds per square inch, gauge.

PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene or Teflon™) #

Pyrophoric #

A chemical that ignites spontaneously in air at a temperature of 130°F or below.

Pyrophoric Gas #

Materials that spontaneously ignite on contact with air at normal conditions. Examples include: silane (SiH₄), disilane (Si₂H₆), dichlorosilane (SiCl₂H₂), diborane (B₂H₆) and phosphine (PH₃)

Qualified Employee #

Describes a person who, by possession of a recognized degree, certificate, or professional standing, or who by extensive knowledge, training, and experience has successfully demonstrated the ability to solve or resolve problems relating to the subject matter, the work, or the project. One familiar with and knowledgeable of the construction, installation, operation and hazards of the equipment, the specific duties and tasks performed, by means of skills, experience, training, or technical knowledge. A person can be considered qualified to conduct certain duties or tasks on certain types of equipment or installations, but unqualified to conduct other duties or tasks on the same or other types of equipment and installations.

Qualitative Fit Test (QLFT) #

A pass/fail test to assess the adequacy of respirator fit that relies on the individual’s response to a test agent.

Quantitative Fit Test (QNFT) #

Means an assessment of the adequacy of respirator fit by numerically measuring the amount of leakage into the respirator.

Radio Frequency #

Any of the electromagnetic wave frequencies that lie in the range extending from below 3 kilohertz to about 300 gigahertz and that include the frequencies used for transmitting wireless communications signals (radio, television broadcasting, and cell-phone and satellite transmissions). Radio frequency waves are a portion of the electromagnetic frequency spectrum. Antennas that do not transmit (i.e., receiving antennas and dishes) are not sources of radiation and are not a concern.

Radioisotopes/Radioactive Materials #

Elements with unstable nuclei that give off energy in the form of ionizing radiation through a process called nuclear decay.

Ramp #

Means an inclined walking-working surface used to access another level.

Regulated Area #

Is an area established by the employer to demarcate areas where airborne concentrations of asbestos exceed, or there is a reasonable possibility they may exceed, the permissible exposure limits.

Regulated Low Voltage Electrical Equipment #

Equipment energized with 50-600 volts to ground.

Renovation #

Refers to a modification of all or part of any existing structure that disturbs a painted surface, including (but not limited to) removal/modification of painted surfaces, components or structures, surface preparation activities and window replacement as defined in 40 CFR Part 745, subpart E.

Renovator #

Means a person who either performs or directs workers who perform a renovation. A certified renovator is a renovator who has successfully completed a renovator course accredited by the EPA or the Michigan Department of Community Health. Note: because the term renovation is broadly defined by the EPA rule “Lead-Based Paint Renovation, Repair and Painting Program” contractors such as electricians and plumbers may be considered “renovators” under this rule.

Repair Work (Electrical) #

Changing, modifying, removing or installing components or jumpering or lifting leads. Work generally carried out inside the Restricted Approach Boundary to parts or equipment that has been de-energized and locked out into an electrically safe work condition.

Reproductive Toxin #

A chemical that affects the reproductive capabilities including chromosomal damage (mutations) and effects on fetuses (teratogenesis). IMPORTANT: Lab personnel should recognize that many chemicals have not been thoroughly assessed for their reproductive toxicity. Prior to selecting/using chemicals in the laboratory, researchers should determine their potential reproductive toxicity risks.

Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) #

Gives the EPA the authority to control hazardous waste from the “cradle-to-grave.” This includes the generation, transportation, treatment, storage, and disposal of hazardous waste.

Respirable crystalline silica #

The minerals quartz, cristobalite, and tridymite contained in airborne particles that are determined to be respirable by a sampling device designed to meet the characteristics for respirable-particle-size-selective samplers specified in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 7708:1995: “Air Quality—Particle Size Fraction Definitions for Health-Related Sampling”

Respirator #

Device worn by an individual that is intended to provide respiratory protection against inhalation of airborne contaminants or oxygen deficient air. All respirators must be certified by NIOSH.

Responsible Person #

A person designated by college faculty to be the main point of contact for the laboratory. The Responsible Person’s duties include: overseeing/restricting access for authorized users, training individuals on shop/lap specific practices and procedures, maintaining contact with EHS, abating any discrepancies found during EHS inspections, and maintaining documentation for training, standard operating procedures, and safety data sheets. Also known as: shop/lab manager, administrator, or coordinator

Restricted Approach Boundary #

A shock protection boundary to be crossed by only qualified persons (at a distance from a live part), which due to its proximity to a shock hazard requires the use of shock protection techniques and equipment when crossed.

Restricted Work #

Work done inside the Restricted Approach Boundary. Work generally carried out while parts or equipment are energized and special protective equipment is required.

Riser #

Means the upright (vertical) or inclined member of a stair that is located at the back of a stair tread or platform and connects close to the front edge of the next higher tread, platform, or landing.

Roof bracket scaffold #

means a rooftop supported scaffold consisting of a platform resting on angular-shaped supports.

Roof Safety Plans #

Contain specific information regarding the equipment, fume hoods, ducted biological safety cabinets, exhaust fan locations, and cell towers on the roof of a specific facility. Roof Safety Plans are maintained by Operations Engineering and are available by computer connection to the drawing files with authorization from Operations Engineering.

Rope descent system #

Means a suspension system that allows an employee to descend in a controlled manner and, as needed, stop at any point during the descent. A rope descent system usually consists of a roof anchorage, support rope, a descent device, carabiner(s) or shackle(s), and a chair (seat-board). A rope descent system also is called controlled descent equipment or apparatus. Rope descent systems do not include industrial rope access systems.

Runner (ledger or ribbon) #

means the lengthwise horizontal spacing or bracing member which may support the bearers.

Safety Data Sheet (SDS) #

A document that contains information on the potential health effects of exposure to chemicals, or other potentially dangerous substances, and on safe working procedures when handling chemical products. Current SDSs will comply with MIOSHA regulations for Hazard Communication.

Sanitarian #

EHS staff members responsible for food safety issues on campus and the health system.

Scaffold #

a temporary elevated platform and its supporting structure, used to support employees or materials or both.

Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) #

An atmosphere-supplying respirator in which the source of air is contained with the respirator independent of any other source.

Sensitizer #

A substance that causes a substantial proportion of exposed people or animals to develop an allergic reaction in normal tissue after repeated exposure to the substance. The reaction may be as mild as a rash (contact dermatitis) or as serious as anaphylactic shock.

Select Agents #

Bacteria, viruses, toxins, rickettsia, and fungi identified by the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), and the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) that pose a potential threat to public health or welfare. NOTE: The safety practices and precautions provided by the Chemical Hygiene Plan are most applicable with the use of Select Agent toxins as opposed to infectious agents.

Select Carcinogen #

Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) #

An atmosphere-supplying respirator in which the source of air is contained with the respirator independent of any other source.

Service Life #

The length of time required for an air-purifying element to reach a specific effluent concentration. Service life is determined by the type of substance being removed, the concentration of the substance, the ambient temperature, the specific element being tested (cartridge or canister), the flow rate resistance, and the selected breakthrough value. The service life for a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) is the period of time, as determined by the NIOSH certification tests, in which adequate breathing gas is supplied.

Servicing and/or Maintenance #

Workplace activities such as construction, installing, setting up, adjusting, inspecting, modifying and maintaining and/or servicing machines or equipment. These activities include lubrication, cleaning or un-jamming of machines or equipment and making adjustments or tool changes, where the employee may be exposed to the unexpected energization or startup of the equipment or release of hazardous energy.

SDS (Safety Data Sheet) #

Sling #

A harness designed for attachment to load for movement.

Small Group Kitchen #

The City of Ann Arbor requires the inspection and certification of kitchens in fraternity, sorority, and cooperative housing units where food is prepared and served on site to members and guests. Environment, Health & Safety (EHS) provides these inspections in accordance with the University of Michigan (U-M)/City of Ann Arbor “Inspection and Certification of Group Kitchens” agreement.

SOP (Standard Operating Procedure) #

Formal written description of the safety and administrative procedures to be followed while performing a specific task.

Special Transitory Food Unit #

A temporary food establishment that is licensed to operate throughout the state without the 14-day limit, or a mobile food establishment that is not required to return to a commissary.

Spotter (Attendant) #

Person stationed outside one or more permit spaces, who monitors the authorized employees and performs attendant’s duties assigned in this program.

Stair rail or stair rail system #

Means a barrier erected along the exposed or open side of stairways to prevent employees from falling to a lower level.

Stairway (stairs) #

Means risers and treads that connect one level with another, and includes any landings and platforms in between those levels. Stairways include standard, spiral, alternating tread-type, and ship stairs.

Standard stairs #

Means a fixed or permanently installed stairway. Ship, spiral, and alternating tread-type stairs are not considered standard stairs.

Standard Threshold Shift (STS) #

A change in an employee’s hearing threshold relative to a baseline audiogram of an average of 10 dB or more at 2,000, 3,000, and 4,000 Hertz in either ear. In Michigan, an STS and a 25 dB, or greater, loss from audiometric zero would represent a recordable illness on the MIOSHA Form 300.

Step bolt (pole step) #

Means a bolt or rung attached at intervals along a structural member used for foot placement and as a handhold when climbing or standing.

Stepladder #

Means a self-supporting, portable ladder that has a fixed height, flat steps, and a hinged back.

Step, platform, and trestle ladder scaffold #

means a platform resting directly on the rungs of step ladders or trestle ladders.

Step Stool #

Means a self-supporting, portable ladder that has flat steps and side rails. For purposes of the final rule, stepstool includes only those ladders that have a fixed height, do not have a pail shelf, and do not exceed 32 inches (81 cm) in overall height to the top cap, although side rails may extend above the top cap. A stepstool is designed so an employee can climb and stand on all of the steps and the top cap.

Stilts #

means a pair of poles or similar supports with raised footrests, used to permit walking above the ground or working surface.

Substitution #

When designing and planning a laboratory operation, using the least hazardous chemical possible to minimize risk to personnel and property.

Supplied-Air Respirator (SAR) #

An atmosphere-supplying respirator in which the source of breathing air is not designed to be carried by the user.

Supported Scaffold #

a platform supported by outrigger beams, brackets, poles, legs, uprights, posts, frames, or similar rigid support

Surfacing Material #

Is material that is sprayed, troweled-on or otherwise applied to surfaces (such as acoustical plaster on ceilings and fireproofing materials on structural members, or other materials on surfaces for acoustical, fireproofing, and other purposes).

Suspension Scaffold #

a platform suspended by ropes or other non-rigid means from an overhead structure.

Tagout Device #

A prominent warning device, that is capable of being securely attached and that, for the purpose of protecting personnel, forbids the operation of an energy isolating device. As a minimum, the tag shall indicate the name of the authorized employee, the equipment or installation of the equipment affected, the date, the reason for tagout, and the estimated duration of down time.

Target Housing #

Residential housing built before 1978 including private housing, public housing, and housing receiving federal assistance. On the U-M Ann Arbor Campus; North Campus Apartments, Residence Halls (director apartments only), offsite residential properties, and other on-campus residential properties meet the definition of target housing. Target housing does not include: housing built on or after January 1, 1978; zero bedroom units, such as efficiencies, lofts and dormitories; housing leased for less than 100 days; housing exclusively for the elderly; rental housing inspected by a certified inspector and found to be free of lead-based paint; property where all lead-based paint has been removed, and clearance standards have been achieved; non-residential property; and unoccupied housing that will remain vacant until it is demolished.

Temporary Food Service License #

A food service establishment, which operates at a fixed location for a temporary period of time not to exceed 14 consecutive days.

Temporary Tasks #

Tasks that take less than 1-2 hours to complete. Examples of such tasks include: changing a filter in a roof-top HVAC system.

Teflon™ or Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) #

Thermal System Insulation (TSI) #

Is ACM applied to pipes, fittings, boilers, breeching, tanks, ducts or other structural components to prevent heat loss or gain.

Threshold Levels #

An agreed upon level of pest populations at which pest management action should be taken to meet the objectives outlined for the building.

Through ladder #

Means a type of fixed ladder that allows the employee to step through the side rails at the top of the ladder to reach a walking-working surface, such as a landing.

Toeboard #

Means a low protective barrier that is designed to prevent materials, tools, and equipment from falling to a lower level, and protect employees from falling.

Toxic Gas #

A highly toxic gas has a median Lethal Concentration (LC 50) in air of 200 parts per million or less by volume of gas or vapor, or 2 milligrams per liter or less of mist, fume or dust, when administered by continuous inhalation for an hour, or less if death occurs within one hour, to albino rats weighing between 200 and 300 grams each. A toxic gas has a LC50 in air more than of 200 parts per million but not more than 3,000 parts per million by volume of gas or vapor, or more than 2 milligrams per liter but not more than 30 milligrams per liter of mist, fume or dust, when administered by continuous inhalation for an hour, or less if death occurs within one hour, to albino rats weighing between 200 and 300 grams each.

Toxic Substance #

Substances that cause adverse effects to specific target organs (i.e., lungs, liver, skin), or the nervous or blood systems. These substances can result in acute and/or chronic effects at moderate levels. A toxic substance must fall within one of the following categories: (a) A substance that has a median lethal dose (LD50) of more than 50 milligrams per kilogram but not more than 500 milligrams per kilogram of body weight when administered orally to albino rats weighing between 200 and 300 grams each; (b) A substance that has a median lethal dose (LD50) of more than 200 milligrams per kilogram but not more than 1,000 milligrams per kilogram of body weight when administered by continuous contact for 24 hours (or less if death occurs within 24 hours) with the bare skin of albino rabbits weighing between two and three kilograms each; (c) A substance that has a median lethal concentration (LC50) in air of more than 200 parts per million but not more than 2,000 parts per million by volume of gas or vapor, or more than two milligrams per liter but not more than 20 milligrams per liter of mist, fume, or dust, when administered by continuous inhalation for one hour (or less if death occurs within one hour) to albino rats weighing between 200 and 300 grams each.

Tractor #

A 2- or 4-wheel drive vehicle with engine power greater than 20 horsepower.

Travel restraint system #

Means a combination of an anchorage, anchorage connector, lanyard (or other means of connection), and body support that an employer uses to eliminate the possibility of an employee going over the edge of a walking-working surface.

Tread #

Means a horizontal member of a stair or stairway, but does not include landings or platforms.

Trolley #

A unit that travels on the bridge rails and carries the hoisting mechanism.

Tube and coupler scaffold #

means a supported or suspended scaffold consisting of a platform(s) supported by tubing, erected with coupling devices connecting uprights, braces, bearers, and runners.

UEL (Upper Explosive Limit) #

The highest concentration at which a gas or vapor can ignite and can be used interchangeably with UFL (Upper Flammable Limit). Concentrations above this level are too rich to burn.

Underhung Crane #

A crane with a traveling bridge which is suspended under its runway track system. A hoist trolley may be under hung or top running.

Unprotected sides and edges #

Mean any side or edge of a walking-working surface (except at entrances and other points of access) where there is no wall, guardrail system, or stair rail system to protect an employee from falling to a lower level.

Unqualified Person Training #

General electrical safety related practices necessary for the electrical safety of an unqualified person.

University Medical Surveillance Coordinator #

The EHS employee responsible for coordinating the permit process and the medical surveillance program.

Unregulated Low Voltage Electrical Equipment #

Equipment energized with less than 50 volts to ground.

Unstable (reactive) #

A chemical which is the pure state, or as produced or transported, will vigorously polymerize, decompose, condense, or will become self-reactive under conditions of shocks, pressure or temperature.

Unstable Object #

items whose strength, configuration, or lack of stability may allow them to become dislocated and shift, and may not properly support the loads imposed on them, and cannot be used as a safe base support for scaffolds (includes, but not limited to barrels, boxes, loose brick and concrete blocks).

Upper Explosive Limit (UEL) #

The highest concentration at which a gas or vapor can ignite and can be used interchangeably with UFL (Upper Flammable Limit). Concentrations above this level are too rich to burn.

Valve Protection Cap #

A rigid removable cover provided for container valve protection during handling, transportation and storage.

Variance #

A written document issued by EHS to authorize a modification or waiver of one or more of the requirements of the Food Law if, in the opinion of EHS, a health hazard or nuisance will not result.

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) #

Any compound of carbon, excluding carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbonic acid, metallic carbides or carbonates and ammonium carbonate, which participates in atmospheric photochemical reactions, except those designated by EPA as having negligible photochemical reactivity

Voltage Rated (V-rated) Gloves #

Gloves rated and tested for the maximum line-to-line voltage upon which work will be done.

Voltage Rated (V-rated) Tools #

Tools rated and tested for the maximum line-to-line voltage upon which work will be done.

Walking-working surface #

Means any horizontal or vertical surface on or through which an employee walks, works, or gains access to a work area or workplace location.

Warning line #

Means a barrier erected to warn employees that they are approaching an unprotected side or edge, and which designates an area in which work may take place without the use of other means of fall protection.

Water-reactive #

A chemical that reacts with water to release a gas that is either flammable or presents a health hazard.

Well #

Means a permanent, complete enclosure around a fixed ladder.

Wet Disposable Cleaning Cloth #

Refers to a commercially available, pre-moistened, white disposable cloth designed to be used for cleaning hard surfaces such as countertops and uncarpeted floors.

Work Control Shutdown Coordinator #

Coordinates and communicates critical utility and service outages to Operations and the U-M campus community. Building or Departmental Contacts are strongly encouraged to send updated contact information by email to the Shutdown Coordinator at: [email protected]:[email protected] or by phone through the Facilities Service Center at 647-2059.

Work Area #

An area established and marked by the employer to demarcate areas where hazardous work is conducted and within which the airborne concentrations of hazardous air contaminants may be present or there is a reasonable possibility exposures may exceed the Action Level (AL).

Work Induced Hazard #

Hazard created due to nature of work [e.g., welding (generates fumes) and painting (generates solvents in the atmosphere)].

Working On or Near Exposed Energized Electrical Parts or Equipment #

Generally any repair, service or maintenance work conducted inside the Restricted Approach Boundary.

Research & Clinical

Haz Waste

Working Safely

Environmental

Construction

Living Safely

Definitions

Definitions

Acceptable Entry Conditions #

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) #

Action level #

Action Level (for Lead) #

Action Level (for Noise) #

Action Level (for Silica) #

Adequate Facilities #

Aerial work platforms #

Affected Employees #

Air Changes per Hour (ACH) #

Air-Purifying Respirator (APR) #

Anchorage #

Arc-Flash Hazard #

Arc-Flash Protection Boundary #

Arc-Flask Protection Levels #

Asbestos #

Asbestos Containing Material (ACM) #

Asbestosis #

Asphyxiant gas #

Assigned Protection Factor (APF) #

Atmosphere-Supplying Respirator #

Attendant (Spotter) #

Audiometric Testing #

Authorized Entrant #

Authorized Employee #

Authorized Machine Tool User #

Authorized Person #

Authorized Users #

Authorized Users of SCBA #

Automated External Defibrillator (AED) #

Basic Machine Shop Safety Training #

Bearer (putlog) #

Biological Safety Cabinet (BSC) #

Blanking or Blinding #

Blue Binder (EHS Document Binder) #

Boatswains’ chair #

Breakthrough #

Bridge #

Bridge Crane (AKA Underhung Crane) #

Buddy System #

Building/Departmental Contact #

Building Manager #

Cage #

Canister or Cartridge #

Carcinogen (Select Carcinogen) #

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) #

CBRN #

CDL #

CGA #

Chain fall #

Chain of Survival #

Chauffeur License #

Chemical Fume Hood #

Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP) #

Child-Occupied Facility #

Class I Asbestos Work #

Class II Asbestos Work #

Class III Asbestos Work #

Class IV Asbestos Work #

Cleaning Verification Card #

Cold strain #

Cold stress #

Combustible Gas #

Commercial Motor Vehicle #

Competent Person #

Compressed Gas #

Confined Space #

Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) #

Contractor Vendor Labor #

Controlled Substances #

Core Item #

Corrosive #